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Carlinhos Pandeiro de Ouro,〔(Carlinhos Pandeiro de Ouro Web site )〕 a Brazilian of African and Portuguese descent, is a percussionist best known for playing the pandeiro,〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.pandeiro.com/carlinhos.php )〕 and is one of the instrument's major proponents. Born Carlos de Oliveira, Carlinhos grew up in Rio de Janeiro in the 1940s. He was immersed in samba, a style of music with roots in both Africa and Portugal. Its most famous expression is in the poor and working-class neighborhoods surrounding Rio, called favelas, which host performing associations known as samba schools. These groups compete every year in Rio’s spectacular Carnaval parade, with thousands of dancers in feathered costumes and hundreds of drummers playing samba rhythms. One drum that can perform all the rhythms of the samba is Brazil’s national instrument, the pandeiro. (The pandeiro is a tunable tambourine, played with a different technique than in North American music.) Carlinhos took up the pandeiro at age seven, starting with one of his mother’s cake pans. He visited the favelas to absorb samba styles, particularly at one of the greatest samba schools, GRES Estação Primeira de Mangueira. Carlinhos would join in during rehearsals, and he soon came to the attention of Mangueira’s legendary singer, Jamelão, who invited Carlinhos to become a performing member of Mangueira, a high honor. Carlinhos’s pandeiro playing became quite theatrical, with unprecedented juggling and stunts (known as ''malabarismo''). Soon Carlinhos was performing professionally, working with most important musicians and composers in Rio. In 1966, Brazil held a national contest to find the country’s best pandeiro player. Carlinhos out-performed 500 other players to win the first ‘Golden Tambourine’ award, thereby becoming known as ''Carlinhos Pandeiro de Ouro''. With this recognition, Carlinhos represented Brazil in performances before the Japanese royal family, the Swedish royal family, and also in a command performance for Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Phillip of England. Carlinhos has had a wide-ranging career as a percussionist, appearing in Brazilian films, on Brazilian television, and performing around the world with Herbie Mann, Sergio Mendes, Sadao Watanabe, Ed Thigpen, Toots Thielemans, Martinho da Vila, Beth Carvalho, Maria Bethania, and many more. Carlinhos married an American singer in 1983, moved to Hawaii, and raised a family. For the last three decades, he has led parades, performed with numerous American samba bands, and taught ‘classic’ Rio-style samba to thousands of students. Today, Carlinhos lives in Los Angeles, performing〔(Carlinhos performance calendar )〕 nationally and teaching locally,〔(Carlinhos class schedule )〕 at the (18th Street Arts Center ) in Santa Monica. He is a recipient of awards from the (Durfee Foundation ), the (Alliance for California Traditional Arts ), and the Department of Cultural Affairs, Los Angeles. On Friday, June 24, 2011, the National Endowment for the Arts announced that Carlinhos was one of (2011’s NEA National Heritage Fellowship Recipients ). ==References== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Carlinhos Pandeiro de Ouro」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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